(a) An adaptation is any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment.

(b) The birth rate is also known as natality. ∙ It is the rate of birth, hatching, germination, or vegetative propagation of new individuals per unit of population per unit of time. ∙ This determines whether the population is increasing or decreasing. ∙ It is used on both male and female individuals.

(c) Mortality is defined as the state of the individual being dead. The mortality rate is the death rate of a population which is calculated on the basis of the deaths in the particular region.

(d) Immigration means an animal establishes a home in a habitat because it has resources it can utilize or because the habitat is ideal for them. Emigration means an animal leaves its home because the habitat is no longer ideal for them and they need to find a more suitable environment.

(e) Emigration means an animal leaves its home because the habitat is no longer ideal for them and they need to find a more suitable environment. Animals that immigrate or emigrate do not return to the land they left.