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2A1. State whether the following sentences are True or False(1) The World Bank proposes a water tarifl.Water accounts for 4% of total plant cost in industries.Man has taken water for granted, for water is by and large, afree commodity. The rate at which man has been consuming this rawmaterial will sooner or later exhaust the entire stock of water in certainparts of the world. It, therefore, comes as no surprise that the WorldBank proposes a water tarill, and a steeply progressive water tariff atthat. It should, in the opinion of many experts, be matched with therelative abundance or scarcity of water in the location, the relativeusefulness of the water-intensive process or product, and the degreeto which it causes water pollution. A water tariff should be designed tomake the users pay for waste or the polluters for pollution. A steeplyprogressive water tariff has a tremendous ripple effect upon our entireeconomic system Presently, water - no matter how vital to industry -accounts for a mere 0.4% of total plant cost, on an average. This ratiovaries from 0.01% to 2.8% including recycling, purification and thelike. Many industries guzzle water.It takes 150 litres to produce a kilo of steel, 300 litres for a kiloof paper; 700 litres for a kilo of bread, and 2000 litres for a kilo ofsynthetic rubber. Agriculture is no less thirsty. It requires 50 litres toproduce a kilo of spinach; 1500 litres for a kilo of wheat; 4500 litresfor a kilo of rice and 10,000 litres for a dozen large eggs.These are of course average, but they are impressive, for whatwould happen to their costs when the price of water reaches a penny agallon, or whatever it may tum out to be in the end. That is why we mustnot consider the water conference as water over the dam'. Relaxing intheir scented blue swimming pools, policy makers and opinion leadersshould visualise the African woman who, on an average, spends onehour a day, every day, to fetch 10 to 20 litres of water from a far awaystand-pipe or well. They should visualise the Nomads of the Saharabelt, suffering from thirst, while underneath the Sahara there may bemore water than all the world's lakes combined.They should envision the murky rivers polluted with toxicchemical compounds and the giant loss of badly needed irrigationwater due to leaks in pipes, canals and reservoirs. They should be ableto jointly raise the water tariff so that funds can be collected to develop8/MTPAPERIappropriate technology for the two thirds of the world, including rainwater catchment tanks, wind driven pumps for desalting sea-water.A.2. How is water used in agriculture?2A.3. Give the adjective form of:i. abundancevisualiseA.4.1.Do as directed:A water tariff should be designed to make the users pay for waste or thepolluters for pollution.(Frame a Wh-Question to get the underlined part as an answer)Many industries guzzle water. (Start the sentence with 'Water..."ii.A.5. State the efforts you can make to save water.Q.IV (B) Write a summary of the passage given in IV. A. Give a suitabletitle to It.(5 marks] |
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