28 .A picture that has shocked the whole world is the picture of Aylan. It has become a symbol of the problems of refugees. It is not only a picture of the dead body of a child but it is the picture of selfishness. Today refugees are facing serious problems in Europe, Asia, Middle East and Central Asia. The Muslim communities of Kashmir, Burma and Palestine are destroyed. Now millions of the Muslims of Iraq, Syria and Yemen are trying to enter in Europe and other countries. They are being cruelly treated by the police and army on the borders.

27.The Indian Rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes. The spark that led to a mutiny in several sepoy companies was the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February, 1857. A rumour was spread that the cartridges were made from cow and pig fat.

Many Indians felt that the Company was asking for heavy tax from the locals. This included an increase in the taxation on land. This seems to have been a very important reason for the spread of the rebellion, keeping in view the speed at which the conflagration ignited in many villages in northern India where farmers rushed to get back their unfairly grabbed title deeds. The resumption of tax free land and confiscation of jagirs (the grant or right to locally control land revenue) caused discontent among the jagirdars and zamindars. Dalhousie had also appointed Inam Commission with powers to confiscate land.[8]Several years before the sepoys' mutiny,Lord William Bentinckhad attacked several jagirs in western Bengal. He also resumed the practice of tax free lands in some areas. These changes caused widespread resentment not only among the landed aristocracy but also caused great havoc to a larger section of the middle-class people. Lands were confiscated from the landlords and auctioned. Rich people like the merchants and moneylenders were therefore able to speculate in British land sales and drive out the most vulnerable peasant farmers.