1)Afederation(also known as afederal state) is apolitical entitycharacterized by aunionof partiallyself-governing provinces, states, or other regionsunder a centralfederal government(federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body. Alternatively, federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. It is often argued that federal states where the central government has the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by invoking gross mismanagement or civil unrest, or to adopt national legislation that overrides or infringe on the constituent states' powers by invoking the central government's constitutional authority to ensure "peace and good government" or to implement obligations contracted under an international treaty, are not truly federal states.

4)The Supreme Court at present consists of Chief Justice and 25 other Judges. In 1950, it had only eight Judges. Parliament was, however, authorized to change the number of its Judges. On account of the increase in its work load, the strength of the Supreme Court judges has been raised from time to time.

In 1956, the Parliament passed the Supreme Court Number of Judges Act, which raised the total strength to 11.